Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine (JAHM)

Analytical Profile of Swarnaprashana

S Niveditha — 2026-01-17

Background: The Ayurveda classics describes the ancient practice of Swarnaprashana, a traditional method of administering gold in the form of emulsion. It has the potential to boost Medha (intelligence), Agni (digestive capacity), Bala (strength), Ojus and Ayu (longevity). Swarnabhasma is administered in combination with Medhya rasayana (nootropic) herbs like Vacha, Kalyanaka ghrita (ghee), and Madhu (honey). Various formulations containing with or without gold have been described in the context of Lehana. However, analytical studies on these gold containing lickable are limited. Thus, in this study we explore the analytical profile of Swarnaprashana Yoga which was prepared using Kalyanaka ghrita (described in Unmada chikitsa), Madhu, Vacha and Swarnabhasma and used in the Unmada chikitsa. Objective: To develop an analytical profile of Swarnaprashana prepared with Kalyanaka ghrita as base. Materials and Methods: Preparation of Swarnaprashana: Swarnabhasma was purchased from a GMP certified pharmacy and verified with Bhasma pareeksha for its quality. Honey, and Kalyanaka ghrita was evaluated for purity. To prepare the Swarnaprashana, Swarnabhasma was triturated until it was homogenous with one part Kalyanaka ghrita and one half Madhu. Analysis was done on the finished emulsified product. Method of Analytical profiling of Swarnaprashana: Analytical profile of Swarnaprashana was developed as per standard procedures used for evaluation of organoleptic characters, specific gravity, moisture, and saponification and iodine values along with HPTLC. Result: The product passed organoleptic checks and showed Specific gravity (0.571), Moisture content (11.33 %), Saponification value (14.96) and Iodine value (1.586375) and HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography). At room temperature the formulation remained stable for 12 months. Conclusion: The study validates a reproducible method for preparation and Analytical profiling of Swarnaprashana, setting the stage for wider clinical trials.

Network pharmacology based anti – inflammatory activity of Datura (Datura metel L.): an In-silico study

Sreeja V Kaimal — 2026-01-17

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a chronic autoimmune disease, which is having the symptoms joint pain, swelling, and gradual joint destruction by refractory joint inflammation. Even though the current available treatments are effective in managing and reducing the progression of the disease but these interventions are associated with severe complications. Datura metel L., is a shrub which is known for its therapeutic potential in Ayurveda for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions like arthritis. Objective: A network pharmacology-based study was planned to validate Ayurveda knowledge and to understand the mechanism of action of Datura in inflammation. Materials and Methods: The databases like Dr. Dukes, PubChem, Gene Cards and IMPPAT were utilised to identify the potential targets and related pathways. The open-source databases revealed 14 phytocompounds in Datura and the Swiss target Prediction Server predicted 79 target protein molecules. The STRING 10.5, KEGG Pathway database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 were utilised in the network pharmacology study for identifying protein targets, potential interactions, pathway analysis and for the construction of the network. Results: 14 phytocompounds identified in Datura which were expected to be targeting 79 inflammatory proteins. The gene enrichment analysis identified 27 targets among which The MAPK signaling pathway acts as the key hub. The majority of compounds fulfilled acceptable standards in drug-likeness screening. The phytocompounds Atropine (1.39) and Hyoscyamine (1.29) shows high score according to drug-likeness screening which predicts the suitability of the compounds as a drug in the disease. Conclusion: The study concludes that the phytocompounds like hyoscyamine, deoxywithastramonolide, fastusic acid, scopolamine, and tigloidine have major action on TNF, IL6, COX, APK14, and other proteins through P38 MAPK signalling pathway and the Rheumatoid arthritis pathway. The network pharmacology study validates the anti-inflammatory potential of Datura metel.

Integrative Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis (Asthi-Majjagata Vidradhi–Nadivrana) of the Great Toe: A Case Report

Rahat Mulani — 2026-01-17

Background: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of bone begins as an infection of the medullary cavity, haversian system and extends to involve the periosteum of affected area. Causes like trauma, ischemia, foreign body can make bone susceptible for the infection. Key steps in management includes, surgical removal of infected bone and extended antibiotic therapy. However chronic and recurrent cases are more challenging to treat. Hereby an attempt is made to treat such chronic condition of 22-year-old history of osteomyelitis with integrated approach to support postsurgical recovery and to prevent recurrence; as such cases are rarely documented. Case presentation: A 55-year-old, male with chronic non-healing wound at base of left great toe presented with pus discharge, foul smell having history of trauma 22 years ago and underwent wound debridement twice, but symptoms persisted with discharging sinus resulting into chronic osteomyelitis. Intervention: Management includes amputation, antibiotics, local wound debridement with Apamarga ksharajala (caustic water), Priyangvadya Taila (oil) and internal medications like Mahamanjishtadi Kashaya (decoction), Arogyavardhini Vati (tablet), Panchatikta ghrita guggula (tablets). Patient was monitored for infection control, wound healing, pain reduction and improvement in quality of life. Outcome: The integrated approach led to significant clinical improvement showing reduced infection, healthy granulation tissue formation and pain control. Improvement in quantitative parameters was seen through reduced WBC, ESR count with complete healing of wound within 50 days and no recurrence or complications noted during follow up. Conclusion: Present chronic osteomyelitis case was managed through integrative approach combining Amputation, intravenous antibiotics along with ayurvedic intervention internally (Panchatikta ghrita guggula, Mahamanjisthadi Kashaya, Arogyavardhini vati) and externally (vrana-lekhana, dhoopana, dressing with medicated oil) given over a period of 50 days. Chronic cases like osteomyelitis in which recurrence chances are more and has showed limited response to allopathy management alone can be treated with integrated approach.

Ayurvedic management of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: A case report

Gopi Ghanashyambhai Patel — 2026-01-17

Background: Chronic liver cirrhosis is a condition in which the normal function is replaced by scar tissue and regenerating nodules. In Ayurveda, alcoholic liver cirrhosis can be correlated with Jalodara in advanced stages. Ayurveda aims to improve quality of life through holistic interventions. Clinical findings: A 50-year-old male patient characterised by abdominal distension (abdominal girth 89 cm) with mild breathlessness, generalised weakness, bilateral pedal oedema, oliguria, low serum albumin (2.4 mg/dL), hyperbilirubinemia (14.3 mg/dL) and ultrasonography shows altered coarse liver parenchyma, dilated portal vein (17 mm), splenomegaly (11.5 cm) with moderate to severe free fluid collection. Intervention: This case was managed with vardhamana pippali, therapeutic purgation and internal medications. Outcome: Oedema resolved, urine output increased up to 1400 ml, dyspnoea and abdominal heaviness were alleviated in just one month of treatment. Abdominal girth decreased (23 cm) and liver function also improved as serum albumin reached up to 4.0 g/dL, and bilirubin become normal (0.6 mg/dL). Ultrasonography of abdomen shows normal liver, borderline splenomegaly (9.8 cm) with no evidence of ascites. Conclusion:This case highlights the potential role of individualized Ayurvedic management, including therapeutic purgation, internal medications and dietary regulation in the management of alcoholic liver cirrhosis with ascites. Significant improvement was observed in clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, child-pugh score, and imaging outcomes. The sustained clinical recovery without adverse effects suggests that Ayurveda may offer a supportive and holistic approach in the management of advanced liver disease.

Integrated treatment approach in the management of Kumbhika (Chalazia) in Pediatric: A Case Report

Ashwini Kumbar — 2026-01-17

Background: Kumbhika is vartmagata roga characterized by cystic swelling at the tarsal plate of the lid which bursts out by its own and refills again. It can be correlated to chalazion cyst in allied health system. This case is unique because in pediatric age group performing lekhana and jaloukavacharan is challenging and incorporating these modalities with integration of modern medicine fasten the recovery along with no recurrence in such chronic and recurrent cases .Clinical findings: A 6years old female child was complaining of swelling of bilateral lower lid more than upper lid for last 2years . Swelling was insidious on onset with progressive nature initially associated with mild pain and itching. Child was consulted ophthalmologist and undergone topical treatment but did not observe any improvement. The swelling was said to be progressive along with new cystic swelling formation at the lid. Intervention: Lekhana karma with topical anesthesia and under sedation to open the cyst. Jalaokavacharana help to evacuate the deep seated local doshas including internal medication (Tab Kanchanar guggulu, Syp Shodhak). Outcome-The swelling was reduced completely without cystic swelling formation at tarsal palte of lid with ayurvedic surgical and parasurgical intervention and inertnal medication for 1 month. Conclusion: A pediatric case of Kumbhika was successfully managed with integration of modern medicine for Lekhana procedure and jaloukavacharana.

Standalone Ayurvedic Management of Grade IV Chondromalacia Patella Integrating Panchakarma and Agnikarma: A case report

Darshan Hiremath — 2026-01-17

Background: A Chondromalacia patella (CMP) is a painful knee condition of the patellar articular cartilage resulting in pain, swelling, and functional limitation. Grade IV CMP, characterized by cartilage loss with exposure of subchondral bone, is an uncommon (~0.3% of knee disorders) and usually surgical condition. CMP can be equated in Ayurveda with Janu Sandhigata Vata (degenerative disorder of knee joint), in which aggravation of Vata Dosha leads to degeneration, obstruction, and impairment of knee joint function. Ayurvedic treatment comprises pacification of Vata, tissue nourishment, and facilitation of function through Shodhana (purificatory) and Shamana (palliative) therapies. Severe CMP is a challenge in the sense that cartilage destruction is permanent. This case illustrates the successful Ayurvedic treatment of Grade IV CMP without surgery. Clinical findings: A 51-year-old woman visited KLE Shri BMK Hospital, OPD No. 7, presenting with pain, swelling, and restricted mobility of the left knee following trauma. MRI showed Grade IV CMP with Grade II tear of ACL and mild effusion. Interventions: Sarvanga Abhyanga with Brihat Saindhavadi Taila followed by Dashamoola Parisheka, Janu Basti with Mahavishagarbha Taila, Matra Basti with Dhanwantari Taila (60 ml), Erandamoola Niruha Basti, Sthanika Lepa, and Agni Karma with Suvarna Shalaka, in addition to oral medications, was administered for seven days and Raktamokshana (bloodletting) was performed on the first day. Outcomes: Post-treatment, the Kujala score improved from 36/100 (poor) to 76/100 (fair) at 40^th day, after 80^th day it has reached 90/100 (good) and clinically, pain, swelling, tenderness, and stiffness resolved; mobility also improved. Conclusion: Ayurvedic Shodhana (purificatory) and Shamana (palliative) therapies, along with Raktamokshana (bloodletting) and Agnikarma (therapeutic cauterization), showed excellent results in the management of Grade IV chondromalacia patella without surgical intervention within a follow-up period of 80 days of treatment.

Retrospective observational study of morphometric assessment of Aortic Knob Dimensions and Cardiothoracic Diameter: Insights in relation to age and gender.

Sangeeta M — 2026-01-17

Aim of the study: To evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the aortic knob and examine its potential relationship with cardio-thoracic diameter. Additionally, to investigate any correlation between aortic knob measurements and age, and to compare these dimensions between male and female subjects. Material and methods: Following parameters were analysed in the Chest X Ray in DICOM format using Radiant software. Aortic Knob Width, length of Aortic Knob, Curved length of Aortic Knob followed by calculation of Aortic Knob Index. Additionally, Transverse Thoracic Diameter, Cardiac Diameter were measured and Cardio Thoracic Ratio calculated. Results All parameters, except for the Transverse Thoracic Diameter and Cardio-Thoracic Ratio, were found to be higher in females compared to males; however, these differences were not statistically significant.Cardio Thoracic Ratio was more in males than in females and the difference was statistically significant. Aortic Knob width, straight length of aortic knob, curved length of the aortic knob, transverse thoracic diameter and cardiac diameter showed an increase with age which was statistically significant. Maximum values of the Aortic Knob Width and Aortic Knob Index was observed in the age group of 60-69 years. Cardiothoracic Ratio values showed significant decrease with age. The Aortic Knob Width showed strong positive corelation with all parameters except Aortic Knob Index and Cardio Thoracic Ratio. Conclusion: This study provides normative reference values of Aortic knob dimensions in Indian Population and is the first study in Indian population to compare knob width with other chest parameters.

Critical study of the manuscript Yogasudhanidhi

Soumya Bensiger — 2026-01-17

Background: The knowledge gained by ancient seers of Ayurveda was passed down from generation to generation through manuscripts. The scientific and structured study of manuscripts is called Manuscriptology. Understanding scripts, languages, writing tools, and the conservation, preservation, and maintenance of manuscripts is essential. The study of medical manuscripts, their constraints, and the strategies to validate the concepts, drugs, diseases, treatments, and applications in the field of medical science is highly valuable. The manuscript Yogasudhanidhi, which is available in the form of a paper script, with 64 folios, written in Devanagari script, authored by Vandi Mishra, MSS No. 1391, was collected from The Adyar Library and Research Centre, Chennai, for this study. Objectives: The present study aims to transcribe, translate, and critically analyze the contents of the manuscript Yogasudhanidhi and compare them with relevant prakaranas (sections) of Ashtanga Hridaya. Materials and methods: An exploratory study of the manuscript was conducted, followed by transcription and translation into English. Then, critical analysis and comparison with Ashtanga Hridaya were performed. Results: The manuscript Yogasudhanidhi comprises four chapters, namely Balaposhana (care of children), Balaroga cikitsa (treatment of pediatric diseases), Bala stri kumaradinam samanya cikitsa (general treatment of childhood disorders) and Balagrahabalidanadi (management of infantile afflictions). Thus, it describes the management of newborns and different pediatric diseases briefly. It focuses exclusively on the most effective formulations from various classical sources in treatment. Yogasudhanidhi gives more importance to offerings and prayers. Many mantras (hymns) are advised for a child, to attain lifespan and strength and many pujas (ritual worship) like narayana puja, karthikeya puja etc. are explained for the well-being of the child. Conclusion: The detailed understanding of the manuscript Yogasudhanidhi enhances the theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of Kaumarabhritya (Ayurvedic pediatrics) and thus Ayurveda.

Development and validation of a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) Questionnaire on Ahara Vidhi Vidhana (Ayurvedic Dietary Guidelines)

Durge Sushma Prakash — 2026-01-17

Background: Dietary regimens contribute to the health of people in both Ayurveda and contemporary public health. Ayurvedic science recognizes Ahara (Food) as essential fundamental principle. Although biomedical field advances, there is a need for attention towards nutrition and dietary guidelines to improve global health and to provide a preventive approach towards Non-Communicable Diseases. Objective: To develop and validate Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire on Ahara Vidhi Vidhana for assessing dietary behaviors and ultimately promoting preventive health. Methodology: The cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in three phases. Phase I includes item generation through literature review and from expert input. Phase II was content and face validation using expert evaluation and a pilot study with validity measured by Item-level and Scale-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI, S-CVI). Phase III assessed reliability through internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha values ≥ 0.7 indicating acceptable range of internal consistency reliability. Construct validity was evaluated using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Results: Final version of questionnaire comprised of total 57 items distributed across 11 domains, subdivided into three subscales: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. Overall Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was 0.91, indicating acceptable content validity. Internal consistency reliability was satisfactory with overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75. Subscale reliability coefficients were 0.81 for Knowledge, 0.755 for Attitude and 0.717 for Practice. Construct validity was acceptable collectively with convergent and divergent validity. Conclusion: The Knowledge Attitude and Practice Questionnaire on Ahara Vidhi Vidhana is a newly developed and validated tool for assessment and evaluation of dietary KAP among working women. Its use in clinical as well as other research can help to evaluate education to improve dietary practices as explained by Ahara Vidhi Vidhana. Future studies should focus on including different populations and incorporate test-retest reliability to ensure stability of the tool

Therapeutic promise of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton latex for wound healing and keloid prevention: A narrative review

Vibhu Khanna — 2026-01-17

Background: A scar represents an alteration in skin architecture that occurs during the wound-healing process when the regenerated tissue does not fully resemble the original structure. Optimal healing requires a harmonious balance between the deposition and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conditions such as keloids and hypertrophic scars (HTS) arise due to excessive collagen accumulation and dysregulated fibroblast activity, primarily influenced by growth factors like PDGF and TGF-β within the ECM. Disturbed maturation of granulation tissue further contributes to abnormal scar formation. Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton, a traditionally recognized medicinal plant in Ayurveda, possesses bioactive latex constituents with significant wound-healing potential. Its soluble latex proteins exhibit hemostatic, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory actions that support sequential phases of healing. These properties highlight the therapeutic relevance of Calatropis. procera in managing pathological scar formation within holistic and integrative wound-care approaches. Objectives: This review compiles in vitro and in vivo studies on raw and processed latex of Calotropis procera, (Ait.), emphasizing its hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effects. It focuses on gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol as secondary metabolites in the lyophilized non-protein fraction, proposing their repurposing as bio-rational agents for anti-scar therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Results: Research supports the latex’s hemostatic, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory activities in various animal models. Latex cysteine peptidases exhibit thrombin- and plasmin-like activities. It synergistically inhibits inflammatory cytokines such as COX-2, TNF-α, iNOS, and TGF-β, protecting against acute infections. Gallic acid modulates inflammatory mediators, while quercetin and kaempferol provide protective effects against scar formation. Conclusion: Current evidence supports the use of Calotropis procera latex as a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent with potential for further development as an anti-scar therapeutic and cosmetic drug. This review suggests its theoretical use in scar management warrants additional investigation.