The Tridosha concept: A comprehensive study from the perspective of modern science

Abstract

Tridosha Siddhanta is the fundamental principle of Ayurveda and is derived from Panchamahabhuta. Tridosha is the vital substance, which represents multitudinous events like Dharana, Poshana, Chalana etc. The equilibrium of Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) is very essential to maintain the homeostasis of the body as the Universe is governed by the three vital forces i.e. air, sun, and moon. In a single cell Vata, Pitta, and Kapha perform the function of Gati (movement), Pakti (transformation or metabolism) and Shakti (defence), which is also applicable to the whole organism.  The article is dedicated to Dosha and its role in managing a living body suitably. There is a unique concept of mutual interdependence among Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. As these are the main building blocks of the body. Triguna, Dhatu, Prakruti, Avasthapaka, Agni, Kostha, Sharirika Avastha, Ahara Avastha and Vyadhi are the factors that have strong inter-relationship with Tridosha. When there is a fluctuation in the state of balanced Tridosha i.e. Dosha-Vaishamya results to disease formation. The principles of Ayurveda are not only to cure disease but also to prevent human beings from all types of miseries. For early diagnosis, one must know the causes, signs, symptoms, mechanisms (Samprapti) and stage (Kriya-Kaala) of the disease. Treatment of the disease is mainly two types viz. Samshodhana and Samshamana. The Samshodhana therapy treats the diseases at their fundamental causes when administered in appropriate Kaala.