A Comprehensive Comparative Study of Five Medicinal Vitex Species Using Physicochemical, Phytochemical, HPTLC and FTIR Analyses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70066/jahm.v13i5.1758Keywords:
Analytical evaluation, Ayurvedic formulations, FTIR analysis, HPTLC profiling, Vitex speciesAbstract
Background: This study aims to perform a comparative analytical evaluation of five Vitex species—Vitex agnus-castus, V. cannabifolia, V. negundo, V. ovata, and V. trifolia—to identify their similarities and differences. While V. negundo is the accepted source of Nirgundi, a key Ayurvedic herb for inflammation management, other species are also used under this name. The findings will aid in assessing their therapeutic equivalence and support the rational use of Vitex species in Ayurvedic formulations.
Materials and Methods: Leaves of five Vitex species were collected, authenticated, and subjected to physicochemical analysis (loss on drying, ash value, extractive value) and qualitative phytochemical screening as per API standards. HPTLC was performed using the method given by HPTLC association. FTIR analysis was carried out using UATR.
Results: Physicochemical analysis showed variations in loss on drying, ash, and extractive values among Vitex species compared to V. negundo. Phytochemical screening confirmed alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics in all species. HPTLC provided distinct fingerprints with shared bands, while FTIR revealed characteristic hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic groups, highlighting chemical similarities and differences.
Conclusion: This study compares five Vitex species, emphasizing their potential interchangeability and therapeutic relevance. Analytical tools like HPTLC and FTIR ensure herbal drug quality, efficacy, and standardization. The findings support sustainable use of alternative species, reducing reliance on Vitex negundo and promoting resource conservation in Ayurvedic formulations.
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